Funcionamiento cognitivo en pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol que inician tratamiento ambulatorio de deshabituación alcohólica

  1. Rocio Villa
  2. Ashkan Espandian
  3. Pilar A. Sáiz
  4. Mónica Astals
  5. Joana K. Valencia
  6. Emilia Martínez-Santamaría
  7. Sandra Álvarez
  8. María Paz García-Portilla
  9. Julio Bobes
  10. Gerardo Flórez
Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Ano de publicación: 2021

Volume: 33

Número: 2

Páxinas: 161-174

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.20882/ADICCIONES.1672 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sustentable

Resumo

El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar la presencia del deterioro cognitivo asociado al consumo de alcohol en los pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol moderado o grave que demandan tratamiento de deshabituación alcohólica ambulatorio. Para ello, se comparó una muestra de 111 pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol activo que iniciaban tratamiento ambulatorio versus 100 controles sanos. Se compararon variables sociodemográficas y clínicas asociadas al consumo de alcohol, como el craving de alcohol y la impulsividad. También se empleó en la comparación una batería sistematizada de pruebas cognitivas que permitía valorar las siguientes funciones: atención, memoria anterógrada, velocidad de procesamiento, fluidez verbal, función ejecutiva y actitud implícita ante las bebidas alcohólicas. En comparación con los controles sanos, los pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol moderado o grave presentaban un rendimiento significativamente inferior en todas las pruebas utilizadas, y por ello en todas las funciones cognitivas evaluadas, con la excepción de dos pruebas, el Iowa Gambling Test y el Implicit Association Test. El análisis a través de una matriz de correlaciones del grupo de pacientes indica que los pacientes que refieren más impulsividad y un consumo abusivo de alcohol más cronificado y con más adicción son los que presentan un mayor deterioro en su función cognitiva. El daño cognitivo asociado al consumo de alcohol se distribuyó de forma heterogénea entre los pacientes. El presente estudio confirma la presencia del deterioro cognitivo asociado al consumo de alcohol en los pacientes que demandan tratamiento ambulatorio.

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Información de financiamento

This study received support from the Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs, from the Secretary of State for Social Services and Equality of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (File Number: 2016I070). Authors are also grateful for the support of the Government of the Principality of Asturias PCTI-2018-2022 IDI/2018/235.

Financiadores

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Fonte de datos: Dialnet