Melanoma cutáneo

  1. Rodríguez López, C. 1
  2. Curiel García, T. 1
  3. Pumares Pérez, J. 1
  4. Mateos González, M. 1
  5. Varela Pose, V. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Oncología Médica y Grupo de Oncología Médica Traslacional, Hospital Clínico Universitario e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Ano de publicación: 2021

Título do exemplar: Enfermedades oncológicas (IV)Melanoma, cáncer de mama y tumores ginecológicos

Serie: 13

Número: 27

Páxinas: 1493-1505

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2021.03.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Outras publicacións en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sustentable

Resumo

La incidencia de melanoma cutáneo está aumentando progresivamente en Occidente, debido a los hábitos de exposición solar y a una mayor tendencia a consultar lesiones cutáneas. En España se diagnostican al año unos 6.179 casos nuevos al año de melanoma cutáneo. El melanoma es una patología potencialmente curable en los estadios tempranos, lo que obliga a una detección precoz. La mayoría de los melanomas son detectados por el propio paciente. Los sospechados por los médicos de Atención Primaria y dermatólogos suelen presentar estadios más precoces, lo que aumenta la supervivencia. El tratamiento quirúrgico del melanoma es fundamental para el diagnóstico, estadificación y tratamiento adyuvante. A pesar de que la mayoría de los pacientes con melanoma se diagnostican en estadios iniciales, algunos pacientes presentan metástasis a distancia en el momento del diagnóstico y otros desarrollarán metástasis a distancia tras su cirugía inicial. En los últimos años se han realizados múltiples ensayos clínicos que llevaron a la aprobación de fármacos que han cambiado la evolución pronóstica. Los tratamientos de inmunoterapia con inhibidores de PD1 y anti-CTLA4 y la terapia dirigida con inhibidores de BRAF y de MEK han demostrado prolongar la supervivencia global en el melanoma metastásico en comparación con la quimioterapia, lo que ha permitido cambiar el pronóstico en este tipo de pacientes, manteniendo la calidad de vida.

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Fonte de datos: Dialnet