Efectividad de ejercicios reactivadores deglutorios en la disfagia orofaríngea postaccidente cerebrovascularUna revisión integrativa

  1. Sepúlveda-Contreras, Jorge 1
  2. Jarpa-Muñoz, Francisca 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Fonoaudiología; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Valdivia; Valdivia; Chile.
Journal:
Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud: RIICS

ISSN: 2665-2056

Year of publication: 2022

Volume: 4

Issue: 1

Type: Article

DOI: 10.46634/RIICS.81 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud: RIICS

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

Introducción. La selección del tratamiento para pacientes con disfagia debe basarse en evidencia con la mejor calidad posible. Este tratamiento puede involucrar estrategias reactivadoras con el objetivo de modificar la fisiología de la deglución y promover cambios a largo plazo. Objetivo. Explorar los efectos de ejercicios y maniobras destinadas a la reactivación de la función de deglución en personas con disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular, a través de publicaciones científicas existentes en los últimos diez años. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed con los términos MeSH “Deglutition Disorders” y “Exercise Therapy”, y con los términos libres “Dysphagia” y “Swallowing Therapy”, combinados con el booleano de intersección “AND”. Resultados. Los ejercicios con entrenamiento de resistencia de lengua al paladar, entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular espiratoria (EMST), Chin tuck contra resistencia (CTAR), Shaker y apertura mandibular fueron los que mostraron, con mayor respaldo bibliográfico, efectos positivos en el tratamiento de la disfagia. Conclusiones. La información recopilada podría ser de utilidad clínica para guiar la selección de uno u otro procedimiento terapéutico. Se debe continuar generando evidencia relacionada con la efectividad de los ejercicios deglutorios en la disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un ACV.

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