Nuevas aleaciones en ortodonciaPropiedades metalúrgicas, comportamiento biomecánico y manejo clínico

Abstract

The new superelastic nickel-titanium alloys used in manufactured orthodonctic archs and springs are a real clinical revolution optimizing the orthodontic dental movement, making more rapid, comfortable and phisiologic our treatments. The combination of the new thermopseudoelastic wires, those made with diferential thermoelectrical treatment, the nickel-titanium austenitic superelastic spprings and the low friction brackets have brought back the low friction sliding techniques and they open a promising horizon relating biomecanical efectiveness and simplification. In the present clinical work the principal titanium alloys appeared in the last five years in the orthodontic market are analized bringing up their three more discused and novel caracteristics: the pseudo or superelasticity, the molecular form memory and the thermoelasticity. We try to explain the clinical and biomecanical criteria we must use far the proper selection of these new alloys during the initial alignement, the levelling, the space closure, the torsion and the .final finishing and detail of the occlusion. We also analize the friction problem in the sliding techniques and the metallurgic variables and the corresponding design of brackets, presenting the low friction new brackets advantages.