Guía internacional para una dosificación más segura de la clozapina en adultos mediante el uso de 6 titulaciones personalizadas de dosis basados en la etnicidad, la proteína C reactiva y los niveles de clozapina
- Jose de Leon 1
- Georgios Schoretsanitis 2
- RobertL. Smith 3
- Espen Molden 3
- Anssi Solismaa 4
- Niko Seppälä 5
- Miloslav Kopeček 6
- Patrik Švancer 6
- Ismael Olmos 7
- Carina Ricciardi 7
- Celso Iglesias-Garcia 8
- Ana Iglesias-Alonso 9
- Edoardo Spina 10
- Can-Jun Ruan 11
- Chuan-Yue Wang 11
- Gang Wang 11
- Yi-Lang Tang 12
- Shih-Ku Lin 13
- Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Yong-Sik Kim
- Se Hyun Kim
- Anto P. Rajkumar
- Dinora F. González Esquivel
- Helgi Jung Cook
- Trino Baptista
- Christopher Rohde
- Jimmi Nielsen
- Hélène Verdoux
- Clelia Quile
- Emilio J. Sanz
- Carlos de las Cuevas Castresana
- Dan Cohen 14
- Peter F.J. Schult 15
- Aygün Ertuğrul
- A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu
- Nitin Chopra
- Betsy McCollum 1
- Charles Shelton 1
- Robert O. Cotes 16
- Arun R. Kaithi
- John M. Kane 17
- Saeed Farooq
- Chee H. Ng 18
- John Bilbily 19
- Christoph Hiemke
- Carlos López Jaramillo 20
- Ian McGrane
- Fernando Lana 21
- Chin B. Eap 22
- Manuel Arrojo Romero
- Flavian Ştefan Rădulescu 23
- Erich Seifritz
- Susanna Every Palmer
- Chad A. Bousman 24
- Emmanuel Bebawi 25
- Rahul Bhattacharya
- Deanna L. Kelly
- Yuji Otsuka 26
- Judit Lazary 27
- Rafael Torres 28
- Agustin Yecora 29
- Mariano Motuca 30
- Sherry Kit Wa Chan 31
- Monica Zolezzi 32
- Sami Ouanes 33
- Domenico De Berardis 34
- Sandeep Grover
- Ric M. Procyshyn
- Richard A. Adebayo 35
- Oleg O. Kirilochev
- Andrey Soloviev 36
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
- Alina Wilkowska 37
- Wiesław-Jerzy Cubała
- Muhammad Ayub 38
- Alzira Silva 39
- Raphael M. Bonelli 40
- José María Villagrán Moreno
- Benedicto Crespo Facorro
- Henk Temmingh 41
- Eric Decloedt 42
- Maria Rosel Pedro 43
- Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Masaru Tsukahara
- Gerhard Gründer
- Marina Sagud 44
- Andreja Celofiga
- Dragana Ignjatović Ristić
- Bruno Bertolucci Orti
- Helio Elkis
- José Antonio Pacheco Palha 45
- Adrián Llerena Ruiz
- Emilio Fernández-Egea
- Dan Siskind
- Abraham Weizman
- Rim Masmoudi 46
- Shamin Mohd Saffian 47
- Jonathan G. Leung 48
- Peter F. Buckley
- Stephen R. Marder 49
- Leslie L. Citrome
- Oliver Freudenreich
- Christoph U. Correll
- Daniel J. Müller
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- 1 Hospital Eastern State, Lexington, Kentucky, Estados Unidos
- 2 Hospital Psiquiátrico, Universidad de Zürich
- 3 Hospital Diakonhjemmet, Oslo
- 4 Universidad Tampere, Finlandia
- 5 Departamento de Psiquiatría, Satasairaala, Finlandia
- 6 Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental, Klecany, República Checa
- 7 Hospital Vilardebó, Administración de Servicios de Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
- 8 CIBERSAM, INEUROPA, ISPA-FIMBA, Universidad de Oviedo
- 9 Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo
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10
University of Messina
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- 11 Hospital Beijing Anding, Universidad Capital Medical, Beijing
- 12 Universidad de Emory, Atlanta
- 13 Hospital Linkou Chang Gung Memorial, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 14 Servicios de Salud Mental North-Holland North, Países Bajos
- 15 Servicios de Salud Mental Noord-Holland-Noord, Alkmaar, Países Bajos
- 16 Centro Médico Atlanta VA, Decatur, Georgia, Estados Unidos
- 17 Hospital Zucker Hillside, Investigación Psiquiátrica, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, Estados Unidos
- 18 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 19 Universidad Washington en St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, Estados Unidos
- 20 Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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21
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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- 22 Hospital Universitario y Universidad de Lausanne, Suiza
- 23 Universidad de Medicina y Farmacia Carol Davila, Bucharest, Rumania
- 24 Universidad de Calgary, Alberta, Canadá
- 25 Universidad de Montreal
- 26 Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital General Asahi, Chiba, Japón
- 27 Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental, Budapest, Hungría
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28
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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- 29 Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
- 30 Universidad Washington en St. Louis
- 31 Universidad de Hong Kong, China
- 32 Universidad de Qatar
- 33 Corporación Médica Hamad, Doha, Qatar
- 34 Hospital “G. Mazzini”, Teramo, Italia
- 35 Hospital Neuropsiquiátrico Federal de Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- 36 Universidad Médica Estatal del Norte, Arkhangelsk, Rusia
- 37 Universidad Médica de Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Polonia
- 38 Universidad de Queens, Kingston, Canadá
- 39 Universidad de Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 40 Universidad Sigmund Freud, Vienna, Austria
- 41 Universidad de Cape Town, Hospital Valkenberg, Western Cape, Cape Town, Sudáfrica
- 42 Universidad de Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Sudáfrica
- 43 Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
- 44 Universidad de Zagreb, Zagreb, Croacia
- 45 Facultad de Medicina de Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
- 46 Universidad de Sfax, Sfax, Túnez
- 47 Universidad de Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malasia
- 48 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Estados Unidos
- 49 Universidad de California, Los Angeles, California, Estados Unidos
ISSN: 1134-5934
Ano de publicación: 2023
Volume: 30
Número: 3
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Psiquiatría biológica: Publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría Biológica
Resumo
This is the Spanish translation of an international guideline which proposes improving clozapine package inserts worldwide by using ancestry-based: 1) dosing and 2) titration. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) databases suggest clozapine: 1) is the third most toxic drug in the United States (US), and 2) produces worldwide pneumonia mortality four times greater than that of agranulocytosis or myocarditis. For trough steady-state clozapine serum concentrations, the therapeutic reference range is narrow, from 350 to 600 ng/mL with the potential for toxicity and ADRs as concentrations increase. Clozapine is mainly metabolized by CYP1A2 (female non-smokers require the lowest dose and male smokers the highest dose). Poor metabolizer (PM) status through phenotypic conversion is associated with co-prescription of inhibitors (including oral contraceptives and valproate), obesity or inflammation with C-reactive protein (CRP) elevations. People with ancestry from Asia (Pakistan to Japan) or the Americas’ original inhabitants have lower CYP1A2 activity and require lower clozapine doses to reach concentrations of 350 ng/ml. Daily doses of 300-600 mg/day are recommended in the US. Slow personalized titration may prevent early ADRs (including syncope, myocarditis and pneumonia). The core of this guideline consists of six personalized titration schedules for inpatients: 1) Asian/Amerindian ancestry with lower metabolism (in cases of obesity or valproate) needing minimum therapeutic dosages of 75-150 mg/day, 2) Asian/Amerindian ancestry with average metabolism needing 175-300 mg/day, 3) European/Western Asian ancestry with lower metabolism (in cases of obesity or valproate) needing 100-200 mg/day, 4) European/Western Asian ancestry with average metabolism needing 250-400 mg/day, 5) in the US of non-Asian/Amerindian ancestry with lower clozapine metabolism (in cases of obesity or valproate) needing 150-300 mg/day, and 6) in the US of non-Asian/Amerindian ancestry with average clozapine metabolism needing 300-600 mg/day. Baseline and weekly CRP monitoring for at least 4 weeks is required to identify any inflammation, including inflammation secondary to clozapine rapid titration.