Diferencias en la evolución del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en España en el periodo 2011-2019 por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico: resultados del estudio ALADINO

Abstract

Introduction Childhood excess weight is a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in Spain between 2011 and 2019 based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methodology The analysis included data from the 2011, 2015 and 2019 rounds of the cross-sectional observational and descriptive ALADINO study in schoolchildren of both sexes aged 6 to 9 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization [WHO] and the International Obesity Task Force [IOTF]) and of central obesity, in addition to associated demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight (WHO criteria) decreased in boys aged 6, 7 and 8 years (by −5.4%, −5.7% and −5.3%, respectively) and boys whose parents had a higher educational attainment (by −5.3%). In relation to the socioeconomic level, overweight in boys declined at all income levels. However, between 2011 and 2019, both the prevalence of overweight in girls and the prevalence of obesity (applying the WHO and IOTF criteria) and the prevalence of central obesity in both sexes remained stable. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in Spain remain high. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight in children aged 6 to 8 years and in children whose parents had university degrees decreased, whereas obesity in boys, overweight and obesity in girls and central obesity in both sexes remained stable.